Industrial = design

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigatio= n, search

An iPod,=20 an industrially designed product.

KitchenAid 5 qt. Stand Mixer, = designed in 1937=20 by Egmont Arens, remains very successful today

Industrial design is a combination of applied art and applied = science, whereby=20 the aesthetics, ergonomics and usability of products = may be=20 improved for marketability and production.=20 The role of an industrial designer is to create and execute design = solutions=20 towards problems of form, usability, physical = ergonomics,=20 marketing, brand development and sales.^[1]

The term "industrial design" is often attributed to the designer Joseph Claude = Sinel=20 in 1919 (although he himself denied it in later interviews) but the = discipline=20 predates that by at least a decade. Its origins lay in the = industrialization of=20 consumer products. For instance the Deutscher=20 Werkbund, founded in 1907 and a precursor to the Bauhaus,=20 was a state-sponsored effort to integrate traditional crafts and = industrial=20 mass-production techniques, to put Germany=20 on a competitive footing with England=20 and the United=20 States.

[edit]=20 Definition of=20 industrial design

Western Electric model 302 = Telephone, found=20 almost universally in the United States from 1937 until the introduction = of=20 touch-tone dialing, as the Family's life was extended into the 1960s^[2]

[edit]=20 General

The objective of this area is to study both function and form, and = the=20 connection between product and the user - product as it happens in any = other=20 architecture area, being the only difference, that here the = professionals that=20 participate in the process are all specialized in small scale design, = rather=20 than in other massive colossal equipments like buildings or ships. = Architects do=20 not design the gears or motors that make machines move, or the circuits = that=20 control the movement (that task is usually attributed to engineers), but = they=20 can affect technical aspects through usability design and form = relationships.=20 And usually, they partner a whole of other professionals like marketers, = to=20 identify and fulfill needs, wants and expectations.

[edit]=20 In Depth

"Industrial Design (ID) is the professional service of creating and=20 developing concepts and specifications that optimize the function, value = and=20 appearance of products and systems for the mutual benefit of both user = and=20 manufacturer."^[3]

Design, itself, is often difficult to define to non-designers because = the=20 meaning accepted by the design community is not one made of words. = Instead, the=20 definition is created as a result of acquiring a critical framework for = the=20 analysis and creation of artifacts. One of the many accepted (but = intentionally=20 unspecific) definitions of design originates from Ca= rnegie=20 Mellon's School of Design, "Design is the process of taking = something from=20 its existing state and moving it to a preferred state." ^[4]=20 This applies to new artifacts, whose existing state is undefined, and = previously=20 created artifacts, whose state stands to be improved.

According to the Char= tered=20 Society of Designers, design is a force that delivers innovation = that in=20 turn has exploited creativity.^[5]=20 Their design framework known as the Design Genetic Matrix determines a = set of=20 competences in 4 key genes that are identified to define the make up of=20 designers and communicate to a wide audience what they do. Within these = genes=20 the designer demonstrates the core competences of a designer and = specific=20 competences determine the designer as an 'industrial designer'. This is = normally=20 within the context of delivering innovation in the form of a three = dimensional=20 product that is produced in quantity. However the definition also = extends to=20 products that have been produced using an industrial process.

According to the ICSID (International=20 Council of Societies of Industrial Design), "Design is a creative = activity=20 whose aim is to establish the multi-faceted qualities of objects, = processes,=20 services and their systems in whole life-cycles. Therefore, design is = the=20 central factor of innovative humanization of technologies and the = crucial factor=20 of cultural and economic exchange."^[6]

It is critical to the product development process that the industrial = design=20 and engineering aspects of a product are considered simultaneously. This = can=20 occur via two methods. The most streamlined method is for the product = designer=20 to have an education and/or background that encompasses both industrial = design=20 and engineering. Unfortunately, there are very few educational = establishments=20 (especially in the United States) that embrace this educational = ideology. A=20 survey of engineering and industrial design curricula clearly = demonstrates this=20 fault. The other method, which is utilized by most U.S. companies, is to = employ=20 or contract with separate teams that focus somewhat independently, with=20 occasional meetings to ensure the primary goals of each team are met or=20 exceeded. The difficulty with the latter process is that there is = sometimes a=20 vast disconnect behind the skills, education, and understanding of the = two=20 groups. This disconnect can sometimes become extremely cumbersome to the = design=20 process, and possibly fatal to the ultimate success of the product.

[edit]=20 Process of = design

A Fender Stratocaster with sunburst = finish, one=20 of the most widely recognized electric guitars in the = world.

Model 1300 Volkswagen = Beetle

Although the process of design may be considered 'creative', many = analytical=20 processes also take place. In fact, many industrial designers often use = various=20 design methodologies in their creative process. Some of the processes = that are=20 commonly used are user research, sketching, comparative product = research, model=20 making, prototyping and testing. These processes are best defined by the = designers and/or other team members. Industrial designers often utilize = 3D=20 software, co= mputer-aided=20 industrial design and CAD programs to move from concept to = production. Also=20 industrial designers may build a protype first and then use industrial = CT=20 scanning to test for interior defects and also generate a CAD model. = From=20 this the manufacturing process may be modified to make the product = better.=20 Product characteristics specified by the industrial designer may include = the=20 overall form of the object, the location of details with respect to one = another,=20 colors, texture, form, = and=20 aspects concerning the use of the product ergonomics.=20 Additionally the industrial designer may specify aspects concerning the=20 production process, choice=20 of materials and the way the product is presented to the consumer at = the point of=20 sale. The use of industrial designers in a product development = process may=20 lead to added values by improved usability,=20 lowered production costs and more appealing products. However, some = classic=20 industrial designs are considered as much works=20 of art as works of engineering:=20 the iPod, the Jeep, the = Fender = Stratocaster,=20 the Coke=20 bottle, and the VW=20 Beetle are frequently cited examples.

Industrial design also has a focus on technical concepts, products = and=20 processes. In addition to considering aesthetics,=20 usability, and ergonomics, it can also encompass the engineering of = objects,=20 usefulness as well as usability, market placement, and other concerns = such as=20 seduction, psychology, desire, and the emotional attachment of the user = to the=20 object. These values<= /A>=20 and accompanying aspects on which industrial design is based can vary, = both=20 between different schools of thought and among practicing designers.

Product design = and=20 industrial design can overlap into the fields of user = interface=20 design, information=20 design and interaction=20 design. Various schools of industrial design and/or product design = may=20 specialize in one of these aspects, ranging from pure art colleges = (product=20 styling) to mixed programs of engineering and design, to related = disciplines=20 like exhibit design and interior design, to schools where aesthetic = design is=20 almost completely subordinated to concerns of function and ergonomics of = use=20 (the so-called functionalist school).^[7]

Also used to describe a technically competent product designer or = industrial=20 designer is the term Industrial Design Engineer. The Cyclone = vacuum=20 cleaner inventor James=20 Dyson for example could be considered to be in this category^[A].

[edit]=20 Industrial = design=20 rights

Main article: Industrial= =20 design rights

Industrial design rights are intellectual = property rights that make exclusive the visual design of objects = that are=20 not purely utilitarian. An industrial design consists of the creation of = a=20 shape, configuration or composition of pattern or color, or combination = of=20 pattern and color in three dimensional form containing aesthetic value. = An=20 industrial design can be a two- or three-dimensional pattern used to = produce a=20 product, industrial commodity or handicraft. Under the Hague=20 Agreement Concerning the International Deposit of Industrial = Designs, a WIPO-administered treaty, = a=20 procedure for an international registration exists. An applicant can = file for a=20 single international deposit with WIPO or with the national office in a = country=20 party to the treaty. The design will then be protected in as many member = countries of the treaty as desired.

[edit]=20 Notable = industrial=20 designers

A number of industrial designers have made such a significant impact = on=20 culture and daily life that they have attained a level of notability = beyond that=20 of an average designer. Alvar=20 Aalto, renowned as an architect,=20 also designed a significant number of household items, such as chairs, = stools,=20 lamps, a tea-cart, and vases. Raymond=20 Loewy was a prolific American designer who is responsible for the Royal Dutch = Shell=20 corporate logo, the original BP=20 logo (in use until 2000), the PRR=20 S1 steam locomotive, the Studebaker=20 Starlight (including the later iconic bulletnose), as well as Schick electric razors, = Electrolux = refrigerators,=20 short-wave radios, Le=20 Creuset French ovens, and a complete line of modern furniture, among = many=20 other items. Richard=20 A. Teague, who spent most of his career with the American=20 Motor Company, originated the concept of using interchangeable body = panels=20 so as to create a wide array of different vehicles using the same = stampings. He=20 was responsible for such unique automotive designs as the Pacer, Gremlin, Matador coupe, Jeep = Cherokee, and=20 the complete interior of the Eagle=20 Premier. Viktor=20 Schreckengost designed bicycles manufactured by Murray bicycles for = Murray=20 and Sears, Roebuck and Company. With engineer Ray Spiller, he designed = the first=20 truck with a cab-over-engine configuration, a design in use to this day. = Schreckengost also founded The Cleveland Institute of Art's school of = industrial=20 design. Charles=20 and Ray Eames were most famous for their unique furniture design, = such as=20 the Eames=20 Lounge Chair Wood and Eames=20 Lounge Chair.

Another example is German industrial designer Dieter=20 Rams, who is closely associated with the consumer products company = Braun (where = he worked=20 until 1995) and the Functionalist=20 school of industrial design. He is famous for his "ten principles to = good=20 design", in addition to designing many iconic products at Braun. More = recently,=20 Jonathan Ive, the = Senior=20 Vice President of Design at Apple=20 Inc., is credited for designing products for the company, which has = a strong=20 philosophy in aesthetics. His designs include the iPod=20 and iPhone.

[edit]=20 See also

Design=20 portal

Automotive=20 design
Product=20 design
Sensory=20 design
Interaction=20 design
Communication = design
Core77
Industrial=20 Designers Society of America
Creative = engineering
Designer
Emotional=20 Design by Donald=20 Norman
Environmental = design
Experience=20 design
Hague=20 system
Product=20 development
Rapid=20 prototyping
WikID

[edit]=20 Notes

^= =20 See his autobiography Against The Odds, Pub Thomson 2002^[8]

[edit]=20 References

^<= /B>=20 de Noblet, J., Industrial Design, Paris: A.F.A.A. (1993)

^<= /B>=20 [1]=20 - Western Electric 300-series Telephone Types

^<= /B>=20 [2] - Industrial=20 Designers Society of America

^<= /B>=20 [3] - Ca= rnegie=20 Mellon's School of Design

^<= /B>=20 [4] - Char= tered=20 Society of Designers

^<= /B>=20 ICSID.ORG - Definition of Design.

^<= /B>=20 Pulos, Arthur J., The American Design Adventure 1940-1975, = Cambridge,=20 Mass:MIT Press (1988), p. 249 (I= SBN=20 9780262161060)

^<= /B>=20 Dyson,=20 James (1997). Against the odds: An autobiography. London: = Orion=20 Business. = ISBN 9= 780752809816.=20 OCLC= 38066046.=

Objects of Desire: Design and Society Since 1750. Adrian Forty, = Thames=20 Hudson, May 1992. I= SBN=20 978-0500274125

[edit]=20 External = links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: = Product=20 Design

Wikiquote=20 has a collection of quotations related to: Industrial = design

U.S.=20 Department of Labor's Handbook: Commercial and Industrial = Designers

Doodles, Drafts and Designs: Industrial Drawings from = the=20 Smithsonian (2004) Smithsonian Institution = Libraries

Retrieved from "http://en.wikiped= ia.org/wiki/Industrial_design"

Categories: = Industri= al=20 design | Product= =20 management | Design=20 history | Design=20 for X

Industrial = design

Contents

[edit]=20 Definition of=20 industrial design

[edit]=20 General

[edit]=20 In Depth

[edit]=20 Process of = design

[edit]=20 Industrial = design=20 rights

[edit]=20 Notable = industrial=20 designers

[edit]=20 See also

[edit]=20 Notes

[edit]=20 References

[edit]=20 External = links

Personal tools

Namespaces

Variants

Views

Actions

Search

Navigation

Interaction

Toolbox

Print/export

Languages