From: "Saved by Windows Internet Explorer 9" Subject: Multimedia in Education - Introduction, The Elements of, Educational Requirements, Classroom Architecture and Resources, Concerns - Learning, Information, Students, and Video - JRank Articles Date: Wed, 7 Mar 2012 11:37:48 +0800 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/related; type="multipart/alternative"; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0000_01CCFC56.B8F4A6D0" X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.0.6002.18463 This is a multi-part message in MIME format. ------=_NextPart_000_0000_01CCFC56.B8F4A6D0 Content-Type: image/png Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Location: http://cdn.sitegen.netindustries.us/images/thumb_down.png iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAQCAYAAAAf8/9hAAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJ bWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAQtJREFUeNpifFZTwwAE/xkIA0Z0AcnmZgYWkGYeSzMGXhtLvLpfTp75 /9+PHwz7NTXhBkYBCZABDLxW5gwM//7hNUA8OxVMRwmIMTx9+pTh4MGDIFczgg143jsZQ4NkYTZO w6SlpeFssAGSeZmYqv5id9E/NJeyQBT/ZSAWYDXg+dRZmF5IT8ZqwF80yyBeSEnAppIEL/whwQu/ fzMwMDOjeWHBYkwvxEThdMHLV6/QvBAZTtALz5evBNPICQlEMIGIb7duQ7yBDyM0MSIna5ALGD+e PfcfiDG9ERSIIeZ4/TqWQMSSUcAZ7O8/goHKhE/y87VrkDyCJ5+w4Mu+X27f/g/EDHhcyQAQYABd DXAqgl/q8AAAAABJRU5ErkJggg== ------=_NextPart_000_0000_01CCFC56.B8F4A6D0 Content-Type: image/png Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Location: http://cdn.sitegen.netindustries.us/images/thumb_up.png iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAQCAYAAAAf8/9hAAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJ bWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAR9JREFUeNpi/P//P8OpFkUGNPAfic3IgAOY1dxnYMEi/t+s7ASY8eTw TIZnx+f/x2cIE1bR/3/BWMYmhYEQYMEq+u83Pi+heI2gAWaFuzGkX13eyvBgzwSw15iWLVvGcEep 9T8Iw2369wsvFtN2RfHCf3t7ewYpCVEGxi9aDHADkMCpyYH4w0BaWhoYZkBNf39ij66sFRhip6ZF IAz49+8fJFT+/WQgFSAM+P+PgQmHC07NTsNvwN+/oHj/w8CCwwVmyZMxDZ2bi+kChr+/yPcCI8iA f9gNOLWoEr8Bz58/ZxAT5sOWAiFeiGnCNHRJHdwAxlOnToETkMq9OgYWNk4Go9ASvM5+cvEARl6A 57YbMjUMf5ZW/yfC+2A9AAEGAL4hg0sudVHJAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC ------=_NextPart_000_0000_01CCFC56.B8F4A6D0 Content-Type: text/css; 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Multimedia in Education - Introduction, The Elements of, Educational = Requirements, Classroom Architecture and Resources, Concerns

learning information students = video=20

=

Abhaya Asthana
Bell Labs, Lucent Technologies, = Westford, MA,=20 USA

Definition: Multimedia combines five basic types = of=20 media into the learning environment: text, video, sound, graphics and = animation,=20 thus providing a powerful new tool for education.

Introduction

The world in which we live is changing rapidly and the field of = education is=20 experiencing these changes in particular as it applies to Media = Services. The=20 old days of an educational institution having an isolated audio-visual=20 department are long gone! The growth in use of multimedia within the = education=20 sector has accelerated in recent years, and looks set for continued = expansion in=20 the future.

Teachers primarily require access to learning resources, which can = support=20 concept development by learners in a variety of ways to meet individual = learning=20 needs. The development of multimedia technologies for learning offers = new ways=20 in which learning can take place in schools and the home. Enabling = teachers to=20 have access to multimedia learning resources, which support constructive = concept=20 development, allows the teacher to focus more on being a facilitator of = learning=20 while working with individual students. Extending the use of multimedia = learning=20 resources to the home represents an educational opportunity with the = potential=20 to improve student learning.

The elements used in multimedia have all existed before. Multimedia = simply=20 combines these elements into a powerful new tool, especially in the = hands of=20 teachers and students. Interactive multimedia weaves five basic types of = media=20 into the learning environment: text, video, sound, graphics and = animation. Since=20 the mode of learning is interactive and not linear, a student or teacher = can=20 choose what to investigate next. For example, one does not start on the = first=20 page of a linear document and read to the end. Interactive multimedia = learning=20 mode is more like constructing a spider=E2=80=99s web, with one idea = linked to another,=20 allowing choices in the learner=E2=80=99s path.

The multimedia technologies that have had the greatest impact in = education=20 are those that augment the existing curriculum, allowing both immediate=20 enhancement and encouraging further curriculum development. For example, = the=20 WWW serves as a storehouse of information = that=20 individual learners can search for subject matter content that = specifically fits=20 their learning agendas. Multimedia applications for computers have been=20 developed for single computing platforms such as the PC, Apple Mac and = games=20 machines.

The Elements of Multimedia in Education

It is very tempting to use the latest computer wizardry to represent=20 information and develop computer enhanced learning materials. However, = the=20 instructional design of these systems should be based on a careful = examination=20 and analysis of the many factors, both human and technical, relating to = visual=20 learning. When is sound more meaningful than a picture? How much text is = too=20 much? Does the graphic overwhelm the screen? For a student, this allows = them to=20 test all of their skills gained in every subject area. Students must be = able to=20 select appropriate multimedia tools and apply them to the learning task = within=20 the learning environment in order for effective learning to take = place.

A Multimedia Learning environment involves a number of = components or=20 elements in order to enable learning to take place. Hardware and = software are=20 only part of the requirement. As mentioned earlier, multimedia learning=20 integrates five types of media to provide flexibility in expressing the=20 creativity of a student and in exchanging ideas (See Figure 1).

Text

Out of all of the elements, text has the most impact on the quality = of the=20 multimedia interaction. Generally, text provides the important = information. Text=20 acts as the keystone tying all of the other media elements together. It = is well=20 written text that makes a multimedia communication wonderful.

Sound

Sound is used to provide emphasis or highlight a transition from one = page to=20 another. Sound synchronized to screen display, enables teachers to = present lots=20 of information at once. This approach is used in a variety of ways, all = based on=20 visual display of a complex image paired with a spoken explanation (for = example,=20 art =E2=80=93 pictures are =E2=80=98glossed=E2=80=99 by the voiceover; = or math =E2=80=93 a proof fills the=20 screen while the spoken explanation plays in the background). Sound used = creatively, becomes a stimulus to the imagination; used inappropriately = it=20 becomes a hindrance or an annoyance. For instance, a script, some still = images=20 and a sound track, allow students to utilize their own power of = imagination=20 without being biased and influenced by the inappropriate use of video = footage. A=20 great advantage is that the sound file can be stopped and started very=20 easily.

Video

The representation of information by using the visualization = capabilities of=20 video can be immediate and powerful. While this is not in doubt, it is = the=20 ability to choose how we view, and interact, with the content of digital = video=20 that provides new and exciting possibilities for the use of digital = video in=20 education. There are many instances where students, studying particular=20 processes, may find themselves faced with a scenario that seems highly = complex=20 when conveyed in purely text form, or by the use of diagrams and images. = In such=20 situations the representational qualities of video help in placing a = theoretical=20 concept into context.

Video can stimulate interest if it is relevant to the rest of the = information=20 on the page, and is not =E2=80=98overdone=E2=80=99. Video can be used to = give examples of=20 phenomena or issues referred to in the text. For example, while students = are=20 reading notes about a particular issue, a video showing a short clip of = the=20 author/teacher emphasizing the key points can be inserted at a key = moment;=20 alternatively, the video clips can be used to tell readers what to do = next. On=20 the other hand, it is unlikely that video can completely replace the=20 face-to-face lecture: rather, video needs to be used to supplement = textual=20 information.

One of the most compelling justifications for video may be its = dramatic=20 ability to elicit an emotional response from an individual. Such a = reaction can=20 provide a strong motivational incentive to choose and persist in a = task.

The use of video is appropriate to convey information about = environments that=20 can be either dangerous or too costly to consider, or recreate, in real = life.=20 For example: video images used to demonstrate particular chemical = reactions=20 without exposing students to highly volatile chemicals, or medical = education,=20 where real-life situations can be better understood via video.

Animation

Animation is used to show changes in state over time, or to present=20 information slowly to students so they have time to assimilate it in = smaller=20 chunks. Animations, when combined with user input, enable students to = view=20 different versions of change over time depending on different = variables.

Animations are primarily used to demonstrate an idea or illustrate a = concept.=20 Video is usually taken from life, whereas animations are based on = drawings.=20 There are two types of animation: Cel based and Object based. Cel based=20 animation consists of multiple drawings, each one a little different = from the=20 others. When shown in rapid sequence, for example, the operation of an = engine=E2=80=99s=20 crankshaft, the drawings appear to move. Object based animation (also = called=20 slide or path animation) simply moves an object across a screen. The = object=20 itself does not change. Students can use object animation to illustrate = a point=20 =E2=80=93 imagine a battle map of Gettysburg where troop movement is = represented by=20 sliding arrows.

Graphics

Graphics provide the most creative possibilities for a learning = session. They=20 can be photographs, drawings, graphs from a spreadsheet, pictures from = CD-ROM, or something pulled from the Internet. With a = scanner,=20 hand-drawn work can be included. Standing commented that, =E2=80=9Cthe = capacity of=20 recognition memory for pictures is almost limitless=E2=80=9D. The reason = for this is=20 that images make use of a massive range of cortical skills: color, form, = line,=20 dimension, texture, visual rhythm, and especially imagination.

Educational Requirements

Employing multimedia tools into the learning environment is a = rewarding, but=20 complex and challenging task. All of the multimedia formats available: = text,=20 sound, video, animation and graphics, already exist in one form or = another in=20 most libraries. Students can explore an almost infinite variety of = information.=20 All these explorations can certainly lead to new discoveries, but unless = consumption is followed by production, the story ends. Without a chance = to use=20 their new discoveries and demonstrate what they have learned, the = knowledge=20 gained soon becomes the knowledge forgotten.

Giving students an opportunity to produce multimedia documents of = their own=20 provides several educational advantages. Students work with the same = information=20 from four perspectives: 1) as researcher, they must locate and select = the=20 information needed to understand the chosen topic; 2) as authors, they = must=20 consider their intended audience and decide what amount of information = is needed=20 to give their readers an understanding of the topic; 3) as designers, = they must=20 select the appropriate media to share the concepts selected; and 4) as = writers,=20 they must find a way to fit the information to the container including = the=20 manner of linking the information for others to retrieve.

=

When defining the appropriate medium to use it is vital to = =E2=80=98know=E2=80=99 the=20 audience and the technical specification of users=E2=80=99 machines. = There may be=20 technical reasons for choosing which multimedia element will best = communicate=20 certain concepts. Whatever medium is chosen, to apply a principle = mentioned=20 above to all digital media elements, visuals must be congruent, = relevant, and=20 consistent with other information presented in order to be effective. = Whatever=20 the latest technological advance, instructional design principles apply. = For=20 example, care needs to be taken when using visuals for aesthetic = reasons. The=20 misuse of a single visual element can cause misrepresentation of = information and=20 become a barrier to content and impede learning, even if the program = overall=20 may, in all other aspects, follow the principles of instructional = design. It is=20 important to bear in mind the nature of the audience, especially their = age group=20 and culture mix.

Human =E2=80=93 Computer Interface

Multimedia applications like any other application, appliance or = tool,=20 benefit from being easy to use, with minimal training or self-learning. = The need=20 for a well designed human =E2=80=93 computer interface, which may be = screen or audio=20 based is well accepted. The standards for computer- based publications = are set=20 by the publishers of books, music, Walt Disney cartoons and television=20 producers. With the development of High Definition TV and beyond, it is = likely=20 that there will be a continual increase in the demands placed on = computer based=20 multimedia systems.

Access, Delivery, Scheduling and Recording

On demand access times to computer information need to be below one = second to=20 be usable in real time. Alternatively the delivery of information at a = later=20 time is acceptable if it can be scheduled, as in a TV broadcast = schedule.=20 Scheduling can have advantages for users over on demand delivery. In = open=20 learning situations learners can control their program by requesting a=20 multimedia unit at a convenient time. Computer users will wish to record = a film,=20 session, or learning experience for future reference.

Interactivity

Computer based multimedia needs the same degree of interactivity that = a=20 school exercise book, or a laboratory experiment has in order to remain = credible=20 as a learning medium. Educationists have shown that certain forms of = learning=20 becomes easier, and is retained more permanently if the learner = participates in=20 some way with the learning material. The generation of computer based = virtual=20 reality is an extension of this process. The incorporation of = interactivity is=20 really the job of the application designer. The incorporation of = interactivity=20 is assisted if the network is capable of two-way communication, and for = some=20 applications the sense of interactivity is aided by the ability to = deliver a=20 moving picture, or a sound very quickly, so that a sense of two-way = human=20 participation can be generated. Real time video conferencing is an = example.

Classroom Architecture and Resources

The technology needed to support classroom teaching has increased in=20 complexity. Until only a few years ago all that a lecture room needed = were some=20 seats for the students, and a blackboard and a lectern or table for the = teacher.=20 Then came the overhead projector, slide projector and the return of TV = with=20 video player. Now there is the computer, networks and related display = tools.=20 From having a next to zero maintenance cost, the teaching room is = becoming not=20 only costly to equip, but costly to run and maintain, including the = escalating=20 costs of security. Figure 2 shows a typical multimedia based educational = environment. The main teaching spaces are equipped with a standard set = of=20 presentation equipment, and full details of what is, and is not, = available in=20 each room.

The live lecture in the digital theater is concurrently broadcast to = the=20 remote distance-learning site. Even home-based students may join the = live=20 session. The ways in which users or participants in multimedia sessions = access=20 multimedia or connect with others have important consequences for the = storage=20 and transmission systems. For instance multimedia learning material can = be=20 accessed directly from a server during a class or downloaded to student = machines=20 prior to a session. The demands on a connecting network are very = different in=20 each access mode. Students learn to make use of multimedia as an aid to=20 retrieving information from multiple sources such as digital libraries = and=20 multimedia servers that could support computer-assisted learning = environments.=20 Students learn to develop multimedia materials, especially as a = component of=20 project-based learning that is rooted in constructivism and in = cooperative=20 learning.

Multimedia offers the lecturer many benefits including: satisfying=20 educational objectives, increasing students understanding, demonstrating = events,=20 showing places, conducting experiments which would otherwise be = impossible.=20 Sharing of multimedia outputs is done carefully such that it will not = disturb=20 other learners working in the same classroom! Not only may a number of = students=20 be performing similar activities at the same time on a network, the = lecturer=20 must decide whether to control the activities via the media of the = computer. The=20 use of multi-party desktop conferencing with the lecturer chairing the = running=20 of the conferencing session, showing selected parts of a video is a case = in=20 point.

Many school reform models focus on a significant restructuring of the = classroom. They propose a shift from a teacher-centered didactic model = to a=20 learner-centered constructivist model. While details of these = constructivist=20 models vary, they typically include an emphasis on cooperative learning = and on=20 the use of project-based learning. Most types of school reform models = recognize=20 that multimedia brings a new dimension to reading and writing, and the = need for=20 students to develop basic skills in information retrieval in multimedia=20 environments.

Training and Staff Development

Of course all of these teaching innovations require a new methodology = to=20 support the technology. It requires a change of direction in terms of = academic=20 planning and lectures need to be carefully structured to maximize the = benefits=20 that interactive systems bring to teaching.

The installation of any new technology inevitably brings with it the = need for=20 staff development courses, and the costs of such staff development = should not be=20 overlooked. With regards to presentation equipment within teaching = spaces there=20 are two main groups of people who require training, the lecturers and = the=20 support staff, though increasingly students also seek training in = presentation=20 skills. The availability of standards for multimedia networking, = particularly=20 for inter-working between applications, the development of networked=20 applications, and interworking between networks are essential to reduce = the=20 complexity and level of skill required in using multimedia.

Resources =E2=80=93 WWW and Virtual=20 Environments

The World-Wide Web was created to support remote collaborative = research, but=20 it has developed primarily as a means of providing information that is = linked to=20 other information sources. It is an essential medium for accessing, = delivering=20 and exchanging information. The WWW provides = a number=20 of opportunities for teachers and students. Resources can be accessed = which=20 might otherwise have been unavailable. These include virtual libraries = and=20 museums. Other resources can be built up and used by students, for = example=20 questions and answers that can be searched or routed through to an = expert if it=20 is a new query and then the answer logged for future use. Teaching = programs can=20 be accessed and used by students as part of their modules.

The Web can be thought of as a digital global multimedia library (See = Figure=20 2). With the steadily increasing classroom use of multimedia resources, = students=20 are required to develop the skills needed to locate information = contained in=20 this format. Developing skills for locating and evaluating information = requires=20 learning to distinguish good multimedia from poor multimedia = materials.

Multimedia in education has the potential to go beyond the boundaries = of=20 interaction and explorative learning. The actors in the education = community=20 could establish a =E2=80=98Virtual Education Space=E2=80=99 (VES). A=20 student can =E2=80=98create=E2=80=99 artifacts that reflect his/her = understanding of concepts by=20 combining text, voice and animation utilities. A teacher could customize = lesson=20 plans that can be individualized. Literally it is setting up an = education lab to=20 innovate and create.

Concerns

The fusion of all types of media in a digital world captures the = ethos of the=20 new technological age. Multimedia: a combination of video, text, still = images=20 and sound can provide an effective learning aid. But the adage, = =E2=80=9CPutting=20 computers into schools will directly improve learning,=E2=80=9D is = negated by the=20 reality that, =E2=80=9Call this expensive technology will yield little = educational=20 return until schools and districts address the need for professional=20 development, technical support, the availability of appropriate = software,=20 classroom management, and curriculum integration.=E2=80=9D

The full potential of using multimedia technologies for learning in = primary=20 and secondary schools can only be realized after there has been some=20 re-engineering of the way learning experiences are offered in the = traditional=20 schools and colleges. A critical element is for teachers to be familiar = with=20 multimedia technologies in order for them to know how to use them within = their=20 curriculum areas.

Moreover, the freedom of the Internet has some disadvantages. There = is too=20 much information on the Internet. Students must decide what information = they=20 need and what they do not need. The quality of the information can also = be=20 misleading. Students must be taught how to distinguish between quality = and=20 unimportant information. Since no rules exist on the Internet in terms = of what=20 can and cannot be disclosed, anyone can put any material on the = Internet.

Lastly, =E2=80=9CHigh-Tech Kids: Trailblazers or Guinea = Pigs?=E2=80=9D introduces the debate=20 over whether computer use by young children is helping or hindering = their brain=20 development, social and physical health. Are we using this generation of = young=20 people as guinea pigs? It is a thought- provoking question for educators = to=20 ponder.

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over 1 year ago

how to promote library use in secondary schools

4 months ago

Babusivaprasad

MADRID, SPAIN - October 2011 - The Immersive Education Initiative = (iED) has=20 announced that early registration for the 1st European Immersive = Education=20 Summit is now open at http://summit.ImmersiveEducation.org Universidad = Carlos=20 III de Madrid will host the two-day iED Summit from 28th to 29th = November 2011=20 in Madrid, Spain. Organized specifically for educators, researchers, and = administrators, the European iED Summit consists of presentations, = papers and=20 demonstrations that provide attendees with an in-depth overview of = immersive=20 learning technologies, platforms and techniques.

The European iED = Summit=20 is open to the global academic community and experts in immersion, = virtual=20 reality and mixed/augmented reality. The European Immersive Education = Summit is=20 organized by the newly formed European Chapter of the Immersive = Education=20 Initiative (iED Europe) and builds on the success of previous iED = Summits (see=20 the past 6 years of iED Summits at http://summit.ImmersiveEducation.org = or=20 http://ImmersiveEducation.org).

Speakers at past iED Summits have = included faculty, researchers, and administrators from The Grid = Institute,=20 Boston College, Harvard University (Harvard Graduate School of = Education,=20 Berkman Center for Internet and Society at Harvard Law School, and = Harvard=20 Kennedy School of Government), Massachusetts Institute of Technology = (MIT), MIT=20 Media Lab, The Smithsonian Institution, Loyola Marymount University, = Stanford=20 University, United States Department of Education, National Aeronautics = and=20 Space Administration (NASA), Federation of American Scientists (FAS), = Duke=20 University, Temple University, Southeast Kansas Education Service = Center,=20 Immersive Education High School, Cornell University, Amherst College, = Kauffman=20 Foundation, Boston Library Consortium, Montana State University, South = Park=20 Elementary School, Boston Media High School, Sun Microsystems, Turner=20 Broadcasting, Open Wonderland Foundation, realXtend (Finland), The MOFET = Institute (Israel), University of Aizu (Japan), Keio University (Japan), = National University of Singapore, Royal Institute of Technology = (Sweden),=20 University of Essex (UK), Coventry University (UK), Giunti Labs (Italy) = and=20 European Learning Industry Group, Open University (UK), and more. = Details and=20 six years of iED Summit archives are online at=20 http://summit.ImmersiveEducation.org and = http://ImmersiveEducation.org
=20

5 months ago

Thanks for the notes you have been providing us.I would like to say=20 that,notes is good and absolute for the learners to learn.God bless=20 you.

9 months ago

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about 1 year ago

hello mate



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5 months ago

biola

related project topics on early childhood course

5 months ago

Thanks for the notes you have been providing us.I would like to say=20 that,notes is good and absolute for the learners to learn.God bless=20 you.

5 months ago

Thanks for the notes you have been providing us.I would like to say=20 that,notes is good and absolute for the learners to learn.God bless=20 you.

6 months ago

ryhujttjky6jyrtjt6u67omn

about 1 year ago

a good start

over 1 year ago

The Immersive Education Initiative has issued an open call for iED = Summit=20 2011 papers, posters, workshops, panels, general presentations, demos, = and=20 outliers (novel late-breaking research and technology). Boston College = will host=20 the three-day iED Summit from May 13-15, 2011. Speakers at past iED = Summits have=20 included faculty, researchers, and administrators from The Grid = Institute,=20 Boston College, Harvard University (Harvard Graduate School of = Education,=20 Berkman Center for Internet and Society at Harvard Law School, and = Harvard=20 Kennedy School of Government), Massachusetts Institute of Technology = (MIT), MIT=20 Media Lab, The Smithsonian Institution, Loyola Marymount University, = Stanford=20 University, United States Department of Education, National Aeronautics = and=20 Space Administration (NASA), Federation of American Scientists (FAS), = Duke=20 University, Temple University, Southeast Kansas Education Service = Center,=20 Immersive Education High School, Cornell University, Amherst College, = Kauffman=20 Foundation, Boston Library Consortium, Montana State University, South = Park=20 Elementary School, Boston Media High School, Sun Microsystems, Turner=20 Broadcasting, Open Wonderland Foundation, realXtend (Finland), The MOFET = Institute (Israel), University of Aizu (Japan), Keio University (Japan), = National University of Singapore, Royal Institute of Technology = (Sweden),=20 University of Essex (UK), Coventry University (UK), Giunti Labs (Italy) = and=20 European Learning Industry Group, Open University (UK), and more. For = more=20 details visit http://ImmersiveEducation.org



The Immersive = Education Initiative is an international non-profit consortium that is = free for=20 educators and provides thousands of free learning virtual worlds, = learning=20 games, resources and materials for educators who want to use immersive = learning=20 technologies in and out of the classroom. The Initiative has thousands = of=20 members that teach millions of students, and some of the best of their = work is=20 showcased at annual "iED Summit" conferences that are held around the = world at=20 different times. You can get more information at = http://ImmersiveEducation.org =20 or do a google search for "Immersive Education Initiative" where you = will find=20 thousands of results.

7 days ago

sarika

Is this software give's the text with audio and answer the questions? = and=20 please may i know the name of the software which relates to the above=20 details......... = =20 Thanks = &Regards

7 days ago

sarika

Is this software give's the text with audio and answer the questions? = and=20 please may i know the name of the software which relates to the above=20 details......... = =20 Thanks = &Regards

14 days ago

real website

14 days ago

real website

23 days ago

Interactive media in Africa classroom settings

23 days ago

logu

Your post is awesome.. these points are very useful one.
if you = want=20 further details click here
Multimedia Training

about 1 month ago

jyoti raokar

hi am jyoti

please i want notes of multimedia tools for = studying plz=20 i kindly next month i have exam am studying in PGDCA

about 1 month ago

thanks!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!so much:D i live this all information that are = very=20 complete ang interesting!!!

about 1 month ago

what is multimedia package ? and its use might be included in the = text. =20

3 months ago

advantages oo multimedia library = users

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&& a["location"].protocol && = a["location"].protocol["toString"]().toLowerCase() =3D=3D "https:") = return "https://";=0A= return "http://"=0A= }=0A= =0A= function getHost(a) {=0A= if (a && a["location"] && a["location"].host) return = a["location"].host["toString"]();=0A= else return "cl.netseer.com";=0A= }=0A= =0A= function getServerEndPoint(a) {=0A= if(a.netseer_endpoint){=0A= if(a.netseer_endpoint =3D=3D'contextlinks.netseer.com'){=0A= a.netseer_endpoint =3D 'cl.netseer.com';=0A= } else if(a.netseer_endpoint =3D=3D'staging.netseer.com'){=0A= a.netseer_endpoint =3D 'media.netseer.com';=0A= }=0A= =0A= } else if(a && a.netseer_task=3D=3D'px'){=0A= a.netseer_endpoint =3D 'leadback.netseer.com';=0A= } else{ =0A= a.netseer_endpoint =3D 'cl.netseer.com';=0A= }=0A= =0A= return getProtocol(a) + a.netseer_endpoint;=0A= }=0A= =0A= function getLocationForYahoo(url) {=0A= var vars =3D url.href.split("$,");=0A= return vars[vars.length - 1];=0A= }=0A= =0A= function RemoveHTML(strText) {=0A= var regEx =3D /<[^>]*>/g;=0A= return strText.replace(regEx, "");=0A= }=0A= =0A= function check(b) {=0A= return b !=3D null ? "\"" + b + "\"" : "\"\"";=0A= }=0A= =0A= function encodeUrl(b) {=0A= if (b) {=0A= try {=0A= if (typeof encodeURIComponent =3D=3D "function") {=0A= return encodeURIComponent(b);=0A= } else {=0A= return escape(b);=0A= }=0A= } catch (e) {=0A= return "";=0A= }=0A= } else {=0A= return b;=0A= }=0A= }=0A= =0A= function decodeUrl(b) {=0A= if (b) {=0A= try {=0A= if (typeof decodeURIComponent =3D=3D "function") {=0A= return decodeURIComponent(b);=0A= } else {=0A= return unescape(b);=0A= }=0A= } catch (e) {=0A= return "";=0A= }=0A= } else {=0A= return b;=0A= }=0A= }=0A= =0A= function addToUrl(b, a) {=0A= if (a) {=0A= var seperator =3D "&";=0A= if(window.netseer_global_fparam && window.netseer_global_fparam = =3D=3D "true") seperator =3D ""; =0A= window.netseer_ad_url +=3D seperator + b + "=3D" + a;=0A= window.netseer_global_fparam =3D "false";=0A= }=0A= }=0A= =0A= function addParam(b, a) {=0A= if (a) {=0A= window.netseer_page_params +=3D "&" + b + "=3D" + a;=0A= }=0A= }=0A= =0A= function addExtParam(a) {=0A= if (a) {=0A= window.netseer_page_params +=3D "&" + a;=0A= }=0A= }=0A= =0A= function addToUrlNoKey(a) {=0A= if (a) {=0A= window.netseer_ad_url +=3D "&" + a;=0A= }=0A= }=0A= =0A= function addEncodedUrl(b, a) {=0A= if (a) {=0A= addToUrl(b, encodeUrl(a));=0A= }=0A= }=0A= =0A= function setColor(b, a, d) {=0A= if (a && typeof a =3D=3D "object") {=0A= a =3D a[d % a.length];=0A= }=0A= addToUrl("color_" + b, a);=0A= }=0A= =0A= function checkClient(b) {=0A= b =3D b.toLowerCase();=0A= if (b.substring(0, 3) !=3D "ca-") {=0A= b =3D "ca-" + b;=0A= }=0A= return b;=0A= }=0A= =0A= function decode64(input) {=0A= =0A= var keyStr =3D "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOP" + "QRSTUVWXYZabcdef" + = "ghijklmnopqrstuv" + "wxyz0123456789+/" + "=3D";=0A= var output =3D "";=0A= var chr1, chr2, chr3 =3D "";=0A= var enc1, enc2, enc3, enc4 =3D "";=0A= var i =3D 0;=0A= =0A= // remove all characters that are not A-Z, a-z, 0-9, +, /, or =3D=0A= var base64test =3D /[^A-Za-z0-9\+\/\=3D]/g;=0A= if (base64test.exec(input)) {=0A= return "invalid base64 url";=0A= }=0A= input =3D input.replace(/[^A-Za-z0-9\+\/\=3D]/g, "");=0A= =0A= do {=0A= enc1 =3D keyStr.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));=0A= enc2 =3D keyStr.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));=0A= enc3 =3D keyStr.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));=0A= enc4 =3D keyStr.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));=0A= =0A= chr1 =3D (enc1 << 2) | (enc2 >> 4);=0A= chr2 =3D ((enc2 & 15) << 4) | (enc3 >> 2);=0A= chr3 =3D ((enc3 & 3) << 6) | enc4;=0A= =0A= output =3D output + String.fromCharCode(chr1);=0A= =0A= if (enc3 !=3D 64) {=0A= output =3D output + String.fromCharCode(chr2);=0A= }=0A= if (enc4 !=3D 64) {=0A= output =3D output + String.fromCharCode(chr3);=0A= }=0A= =0A= chr1 =3D chr2 =3D chr3 =3D "";=0A= enc1 =3D enc2 =3D enc3 =3D enc4 =3D "";=0A= =0A= } while (i < input.length);=0A= =0A= return output;=0A= }=0A= =0A= function setToNull(b) {=0A= var a =3D null;=0A= =0A= b.netseer_global_fparam =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_query =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_ad_frameborder =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_ad_format =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_page_url =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_output_format =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_language =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_gl =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_country =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_region =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_city =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_hints =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_safe =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_encoding =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_ad_output =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_max_num_ads =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_ad_channel =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_contents =3D a; =0A= b.netseer_adtest =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_kw_type =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_kw =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_num_radlinks =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_max_radlink_len =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_rl_filtering =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_rl_mode =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_rt =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_ad_type =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_image_size =3D a; =0A= b.netseer_skip =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_page_location =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_referrer_url =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_ad_region =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_ad_section =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_bid =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_cpa_choice =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_cust_age =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_cust_gender =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_cust_interests =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_cust_id =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_cust_job =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_cust_u_url =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_sim =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_color_bilboard =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_banner_id =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_network_id =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_tracking_url =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_tracking_url_encoded =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_page_url_key =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_search_current_url =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_page_params =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_page_url_base64 =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_landing_page_type =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_background_color =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_click_target =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_pixel_param1 =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_pixel_param2 =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_pixel_param3 =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_pixel_id =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_tag_id =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_client_id =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_task =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_creative_id =3D a; =0A= b.netseer_auction_id =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_slot_index =3D a; =0A= b.netseer_imp_type =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_ext_vid =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_advs =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_taglink_id =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_segment =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_iframe_buster =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_search_param =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_recirculation_sites =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_fire_on_trigger =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_redundant_params =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_url_pattern =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_theme_id =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_imp_src =3D a; =0A= b.netseer_endpoint =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_ad_height=3Da;=0A= b.netseer_ad_width=3Da;=0A= b.netseer_page_url_key=3Da; =0A= b.netseer_debug=3Da;=0A= b.netseer_pixel_cpa=3Da;=0A= b.netseer_search_term =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_visitor_cookie =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_cookie =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_hints =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_bing_formcode =3D a ;=0A= b.netseer_embed_external_pixels =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_referrer_search_term =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_referrer_domain =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_concept_group_id =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_ext_params =3D a;=0A= b.netseer_url_suffix =3D a;=0A= =0A= }=0A= =0A= function makeOutput(netseer_task, netseer_ad_height, = netseer_ad_width, netseer_iframe_buster, d) {=0A= =0A= d =3D d.substring(0, 2083);=0A= d =3D d.replace(/%\w?$/, "");=0A= var outputCode;=0A= var finalUrl;=0A= if (netseer_task =3D=3D 'lp') {=0A= finalUrl =3D check(d);=0A= outputCode =3D ""; =0A= document.write(outputCode);=0A= =0A= =0A= } else if (netseer_task =3D=3D 'ad') {=0A= =0A= if (netseer_iframe_buster) {=0A= var destUrl =3D netseer_iframe_buster + = "?forward_url=3D" + encodeUrl(d) + "&height=3D" + netseer_ad_height + = "&width=3D" + netseer_ad_width;=0A= finalUrl =3D check(destUrl);=0A= outputCode =3D ""; =0A= document.write(outputCode);=0A= =0A= } else {=0A= {=0A= document.open()=0A= finalUrl =3D check(d);=0A= outputCode =3D ""; =0A= document.write(outputCode)=0A= document.close()=0A= }=0A= }=0A= } else if (netseer_task =3D=3D 'px') {=0A= //finalUrl =3D check(d);=0A= //outputCode =3D "";=0A= //document.write(outputCode);=0A= var pixel =3D new Image(); =0A= pixel.onload =3D loadNextPixel;=0A= pixel.onabort =3D loadNextPixel;=0A= pixel.onerror =3D loadNextPixel;=0A= pixel.src =3D d;=0A= =0A= }=0A= =0A= =0A= }=0A= =0A= function embedPixel(pixelId){=0A= var pixelUrl =3D getServerEndPoint(window) + = "/dsatserving2/servlet/pixel?pxid=3D" + pixelId;=0A= document.write(' ');=0A= }=0A= =0A= function checkForRedundantParams(a){=0A= if(a.netseer_redundant_params){=0A= var parts =3D a.netseer_redundant_params.split(",");=0A= for (var i =3D 0; i < parts.length; i++) {=0A= var currentUrl =3D a.netseer_page_url;=0A= a.netseer_page_url =3D removeParamFromURL(currentUrl,parts[i]);=0A= }=0A= }=0A= }=0A= =0A= function getRealPart(a){=0A= if(a.netseer_url_pattern){=0A= var regex =3D new RegExp(a.netseer_url_pattern,"gi");=0A= var matches =3D regex.exec(a.netseer_page_url);=0A= if(matches!=3Dnull){=0A= a.netseer_page_url =3D decodeUrl(matches[1]);=0A= }=0A= }=0A= }=0A= =0A= function Main() {=0A= var b =3D null,=0A= a =3D window,=0A= d =3D document,=0A= g =3D new Date,=0A= e =3D g.getTime(),=0A= j =3D a.netseer_ad_format,=0A= src =3D d.location;=0A= =0A= a.netseer_page_params =3D "";=0A= a.netseer_global_fparam =3D "true";=0A= =0A= checkForRedundantParams(a);=0A= getRealPart(a);=0A= =0A= if (a.netseer_task =3D=3D "lp") {=0A= =0A= a.netseer_ad_url =3D getServerEndPoint(a) + = "/dsatserving2/servlet/search?";=0A= // this part is done to make sure many to one mapping of tag = to=0A= // landing page counts toward the referral tag=0A= var queryString =3D a.location.search.substring(1);=0A= if (queryString) {=0A= queryString =3D queryString.replace("tlid=3D", = "tlidr=3D");=0A= }=0A= var TagLinkIdRef =3D getQuerystring("tlid", queryString, = null, null);=0A= addToUrl("tlid", a.netseer_taglink_id);=0A= addToUrlNoKey(queryString);=0A= addEncodedUrl("url", a.netseer_page_url);=0A= } else if (a.netseer_task =3D=3D "ad") {=0A= // these parameters are used for ads=0A= a.netseer_ad_url =3D getServerEndPoint(a) + = "/dsatserving2/servlet/BannerServer?";=0A= addToUrl("tagid", a.netseer_tag_id);=0A= addToUrl("tlid", a.netseer_taglink_id); =0A= addToUrl("cid", a.netseer_creative_id);=0A= addToUrl("cptgid",a.netseer_concept_group_id);=0A= if (a.netseer_iframe_buster =3D=3D null || = a.netseer_iframe_buster =3D=3D "") {=0A= addEncodedUrl("url", a.netseer_page_url);=0A= }=0A= addToUrl("q", a.netseer_query);=0A= =0A= } else if (a.netseer_task =3D=3D "px") {=0A= =0A= a.netseer_ad_url =3D getServerEndPoint(a) + = "/dsatserving2/servlet/log?";=0A= =0A= if (getQuerystring("cid", a.netseer_page_url, "") =3D=3D "") = {=0A= addToUrl("tagid", a.netseer_tag_id);=0A= }=0A= =0A= addToUrl("pxid", a.netseer_pixel_id);=0A= if(!a.netseer_log_type){=0A= a.netseer_log_type =3D "ltpx";=0A= }=0A= addToUrl("nlt", a.netseer_log_type);=0A= // addToUrl("cookie", a.netseer_user_id);=0A= addToUrl("cid", a.netseer_creative_id);=0A= =0A= addToUrl("q", a.netseer_query);=0A= addEncodedUrl("url", a.netseer_page_url);=0A= addEncodedUrl("pxp1", a.netseer_pixel_param1);=0A= addEncodedUrl("pxp2", a.netseer_pixel_param2);=0A= addEncodedUrl("pxp3", a.netseer_pixel_param3);=0A= addEncodedUrl("pxcpa", a.netseer_pixel_cpa);=0A= // addToUrlNoKey(a.location.search.substring(1));=0A= =0A= if(a.netseer_embed_external_pixels) {=0A= embedPixel(a.netseer_pixel_id);=0A= }=0A= =0A= }=0A= =0A= if (a.netseer_segment) {=0A= addParam('segment', a.netseer_segment);=0A= }=0A= =0A= if (a.netseer_recirculation_sites) {=0A= addParam('sites', a.netseer_recirculation_sites);=0A= }=0A= =0A= if (a.netseer_bing_formcode) {=0A= addParam('bingformc', a.netseer_bing_formcode);=0A= }=0A= =0A= if (a.netseer_ext_params) {=0A= addExtParam(a.netseer_ext_params);=0A= }=0A= =0A= =0A= =0A= addEncodedUrl("params", a.netseer_page_params);=0A= =0A= addToUrl("pp", a.netseer_pcpm);=0A= addToUrl("bp", a.netseer_bcpm);=0A= addToUrl("auid", a.netseer_auction_id);=0A= addToUrl("sidx", a.netseer_slot_index);=0A= addToUrl("evid", a.netseer_ext_vid); =0A= if(a.netseer_cookie){=0A= addToUrl("cookie", '0');=0A= }=0A= =0A= addToUrl("impt", a.netseer_imp_type);=0A= addToUrl("advs", a.netseer_advs);=0A= addEncodedUrl("sep", a.netseer_search_param);=0A= addEncodedUrl("set", a.netseer_search_term);=0A= addEncodedUrl("trurl", decodeUrl(a.netseer_tracking_url));=0A= =0A= addEncodedUrl("rfs", a.netseer_referrer_search_term);=0A= addEncodedUrl("rfd", a.netseer_referrer_domain);=0A= =0A= addToUrl("thid", a.netseer_theme_id);=0A= addToUrl("imps", a.netseer_imp_src);=0A= addToUrl("adh", a.netseer_ad_height);=0A= addToUrl("adw", a.netseer_ad_width);=0A= addToUrl("frd", a.netseer_first_request_date);=0A= addEncodedUrl("hints", a.netseer_hints);=0A= =0A= =0A= // while(isDOMLoaded =3D=3D false){}=0A= if (d.body =3D=3D null) {=0A= a.onload =3D function (e) {=0A= var netseer_task =3D a.netseer_task;=0A= var netseer_ad_height =3D a.netseer_ad_height;=0A= var netseer_ad_width =3D a.netseer_ad_width;=0A= var netseer_iframe_buster =3D a.netseer_iframe_buster;=0A= var netseer_ad_url =3D a.netseer_ad_url; =0A= makeOutput(netseer_task, netseer_ad_height, = netseer_ad_width, netseer_iframe_buster, netseer_ad_url); =0A= setToNull(window);=0A= };=0A= =0A= } else {=0A= makeOutput(a.netseer_task, a.netseer_ad_height, = a.netseer_ad_width, a.netseer_iframe_buster, a.netseer_ad_url);=0A= setToNull(a);=0A= }=0A= =0A= }=0A= =0A= function onLoadCallBack() {=0A= makeOutput(window, document, window.netseer_ad_url);=0A= setToNull(window);=0A= }=0A= =0A= function getLocation(a, b) {=0A= =0A= var url_key =3D b.netseer_page_url_key;=0A= =0A= if (url_key =3D=3D null) {=0A= try{=0A= return b.top.location.href;=0A= }catch(err){=0A= return b.location.href;=0A= }=0A= } else {=0A= =0A= var parts =3D url_key.split(",");=0A= var seperator =3D "&";=0A= =0A= if (parts.length > 3) {=0A= seperator =3D parts[3];=0A= }=0A= var url =3D decodeUrl(getQuerystring(parts[0], b.location, = null, seperator));=0A= if (parts.length > 1) {=0A= url =3D parts[1] + url;=0A= }=0A= if (parts.length > 2) {=0A= url =3D url + parts[2];=0A= }=0A= return url;=0A= }=0A= }=0A= =0A= function markLoaded(){=0A= isDOMLoaded =3D true;=0A= }=0A= =0A= function getSearchTerm(referrerUrl){=0A= if(isSubStr('.google.',referrerUrl)){=0A= return getQuerystring('q', referrerUrl, null); =0A= }=0A= =0A= if(isSubStr('.aol.',referrerUrl)){=0A= return getQuerystring('q', referrerUrl, null); =0A= }=0A= =0A= if(isSubStr('.bing.',referrerUrl)){=0A= return getQuerystring('q', referrerUrl, null); =0A= }=0A= =0A= if(isSubStr('.ask.',referrerUrl)){=0A= return getQuerystring('q', referrerUrl, null); =0A= }=0A= =0A= if(isSubStr('.yahoo.',referrerUrl)){=0A= var p =3D getQuerystring('p', referrerUrl, null); =0A= if(p) return p;=0A= =0A= var q =3D getQuerystring('q', referrerUrl, null); =0A= if(q) return q;=0A= }=0A= =0A= if(isSubStr('.aol.',referrerUrl)){=0A= return getQuerystring('q', referrerUrl, null); =0A= }=0A= =0A= if(isSubStr('.hotbot.',referrerUrl)){=0A= return getQuerystring('query', referrerUrl, null); =0A= }=0A= =0A= if(isSubStr('gigablast.',referrerUrl)){=0A= return getQuerystring('q', referrerUrl, null); =0A= }=0A= =0A= if(isSubStr('.lycos.',referrerUrl)){=0A= return getQuerystring('query', referrerUrl, null); =0A= }=0A= =0A= if(isSubStr('.dmoz.',referrerUrl)){=0A= return getQuerystring('q', referrerUrl, null); 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